© 2020 Media Institute of Southern Africa MISA Regional Secretariat P.O. Box 32295 Lusaka, Zambia Tel: +260 211 294285/6 E-mail: pogg@misazambia.org.uk Website: www.misa.org A project supported by: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) fesmedia Africa Windhoek, Namibia Tel: +264 (0)61 417500 E-mail: info@fesmedia.org Website: www.fesmedia-africa.org “Public bodies hold information not for themselves but as custodians of the public good and everyone has the right to access information…” African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights www.africanplatform.org This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. You are free to copy, distribute and display this work and to make derivative works, provided you: 1. 2. 3. Give credit to the Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) and fesmedia Africa of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung; Do not use this work for commercial purposes; and Distribute any works derived from this publication under a license identical to this one. To view a copy of this license, visit: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA The MISA Transparency Assessment is a study conducted by local researchers according to specific guidelines. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions reported are those of the researcher and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of fesmedia Africa or the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES). Editor/Coordinator: Thomas Zulu Portuguese Translator: Rui Correia Copy Editor: Bryony van der Merwe Layout: Bryony van der Merwe ISBN: 978-99945-77-88-0 Researchers: Botswana – Thapelo Ndlovu Eswatini – Hlatshwayo Vuhisile Lesotho – Boitumelo Koloi Malawi – Moses Chitsulo Mozambique – Egidio Guambe Namibia – Emilia Paulus Tanzania – Alex Benson Zambia – Maureen Bwalya Zimbabwe – Chido Luciasi