In terms of the diversity of ownership, Malawi would seem to favour faith-based community broadcasters ahead of secular licensees — and perhaps this implies that it is more inclined towards superstition than empiricism? There was very little diverse ownership in print media, apart from the establishment of the Democratus whose ownership is still a mystery although it is evidently pro-government. LESOTHO Community Broadcasters • Radio Maria (Mangochi) • Radio Alinafe (Lilongwe) • ACB Radio (Lilongwe) • Transworld Radio (Blantyre) • Radio Islam (Blantyre) • Calvary Family Church (CFC) Radio (Blantyre) • Channel For All Nations (CFAN) Radio (Lilongwe) • MIJ Radio (Blantyre) • Dzimwe Radio (Mangochi) • Joy Radio (Blantyre) MALAWI Private Broadcasters • Capital 102.5FM (Blantyre) • Power 101FM(Blantyre) MOZAMBIQUE Table 2 Public Broadcasting Licensees • TVM (Blantyre) • MBC (Blantyre) NAMIBIA Patterns of Ownership BOTSWANA ANGOLA State of the media in Southern Africa - 2004 In terms of facilities, Minister Lipenga conceded that the government’s own news agency, Malawi News Agency (MANA), had inadequate facilities and was poorly staffed. This meant it could not effectively rise to the challenge of gathering information for the country’s development needs. He stopped short of suggesting whether privatisation of the state-run media could be a long-term solution. These pronouncements are more significant in analysing media-state relations because the assurance of an elected State President or cabinet minister will not free the media. So This Is Democracy? 2004 60 Media Institute of Southern Africa SWAZILAND The impression created towards the end of the year was that the adversarial relationship between the two estates was on the mend following a call by the Minister of Information and Tourism Ken Lipenga to public broadcasters MBC and TVM to open up to the opposition. At a luncheon in December, State President Mutharika hosted the media at his new State House in the capital city. He repeated the call for free media although the ruling United Democratic Front, (UDF) party cried foul and complained that it was being left out. TANZANIA Government-Media Relationships ZIMBABWE ZAMBIA Whilst the print media is concentrated in urban areas, most broadcast licensees, including community broadcasters, reveal a similar pattern as they are urban-based rather than in particular communities that would be accessible to the local people. Access to participation is also economically inhibitive as phone-ins are the most popular way of participating in the new broadcast media. Thus the democratisation effect of the broadcast media is very much an ideal which has yet to be realised in Malawi because participation is geographically discriminate and economically elitist. SOUTH AFRICA Public Participation