The African Media Barometer (AMB) The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung’s African Media Project (fesmedia Africa) took the initiative together with the Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) to start the African Media Barometer (AMB) in April 2005, a self assessment exercise done by Africans themselves according to homegrown criteria. The project is the first in-depth and comprehensive description and measurement system for national media environments on the African continent. The benchmarks are to a large extent taken from the African Commission for Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR)1 “Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa”, adopted in 2002. This declaration was largely inspired by the groundbreaking “Windhoek Declaration on Promoting an Independent and Pluralistic African Press” (1991) and the “African Charter on Broadcasting” (2001). By the end of 2008, 23 sub-Saharan countries have been covered by the AMB. In 2007 those countries which started the exercise in 2005, were revisited providing for the first time comparable data to measure developments in a country over a two-year period. For 2009 the indicators were reviewed, amended and some new indicators such as those addressing Information Communication Technology (ICT) were added.2 Methodology: A panel of experts is formed in each country, including representatives of media and civil society at large in equal numbers. They are serving as panel members in their personal capacities, not as representatives of their respective organisations. The panel consists of not more than ten members. They will meet bi-annually for two days retreats to go in a self-assessment process through the indicators in a qualitative discussion and determine (quantitative) scores for each indicator. The meetings will be chaired by an independent consultant to ensure comparable results. The resulting reports are made public. Scoring system: Panel members are asked to allocate their individual scores to the respective indicators after the qualitative discussion in an anonymous vote according to the following scale: 1 The ACHPR is the authoritative organ of the African Union (AU) mandated to interpret the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights 2 Consequently, the comparison of some indicators of the 2005 and 2007 report is not applicable (n/a) in some instances in which the indicator is new or has been amended. Evidently, this has to be taken into account too, when the overall sector scores are compared. 4 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER BOTSWANA 2009