tried to increase sales amidst dwindling
readership. The cost-cutting measures
adopted by media companies, led to
slashing of salaries creating a fertile
ground for “brown envelope” journalism. In contexts where journalists have
low salaries and fear losing their jobs,
ethical reporting can be perceived as a
lesser priority than making money and
complying with ethical journalism. Journalists therefore solicited bribes from
different sectors of society in a number of different ways and some became
lackeys of certain politicians, religious
leaders, musicians and organisations for
financial gain.
The worsening economic environment
also posed serious viability and sustainability challenges to newspaper companies as evidenced by the closure of the
privately owned Southern Eye, The Zimbabwe Mail, The Flame and New Zimbabwean. There was also downsizing of
staff which worsened in the wake of a
Supreme Court ruling allowing employers to give workers three months termination notices.
The quality of reporting and journalism ethics predictably degenerated in
this environment as journalists have
concentrated on economic survival and
self-preservation in the midst of political
polarisation and factionalism.

JOURNALISTS SAFETY
While cases pertaining to media freedom violations had been on a steady
decline with 22 cases recorded in 2014
compared to 28 the previous year, the
cases shot to 25 violations in 2015.
This speaks volumes on the lack of willingness to embrace and practice constitutionalism on the part of senior government and Zanu PF officials and other
non-state actors. The violations which

96

So This is Democracy? 2015

were mainly in the form of threats and
unlawful arrests, came in the wake of
Zanu PF factional fights. The private
media came under heavy censure for
highlighting the rifts within Zanu PF. The
threats were ominous in that they came
from President Mugabe, his wife, Grace,
and the Permanent Secretary for Media,
Information and Broadcasting Services,
George Charamba.

The main recommendation is the need
for review of existing
media laws in line with
the Constitution, including media regulation and removal off all
penal measures and
criminalisation.
There were a large number of cases involved the unlawful arrests or assaults
by the police of journalists conducting
their lawful professional duties. Some
of the cases involved the arrest of The
Sunday Mail journalists and the detention of Mutare journalists, Sydney Saize,
Bernard Chiketo and Kenneth Nyangani
in Rusape.
Journalists Obey Manayiti, Reagan
Mashavave and Pindai Dube were also
detained, threatened and released without charges by the police on 8 August

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