Table of contents

Executive summary …………………………………………………………… 1
General recommendations…………………………………………………….2
Global standards of surveillance and interception…………………………….4
Introduction: Thinking about privacy and interception in Zimbabwe ………...5
Overview of the 2007 Interception of Communication Act………………….5
The legal defects of the ICA clauses………………………………………….6
Additional recommendations………………………………………………….8
Immediate practical actions that should be considered…………………….8

Relevant readings……………………………………………………………..9

Dr Allen Munoriyarwa, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Media Studies at
the University of Botswana, prepared this policy brief. This brief is an output of
an eight-country surveillance research project titled: Public Oversight of Digital

Surveillance for Intelligence Purposes: A Comparative Case Study Analysis of
Oversight Practices in Southern Africa.

The brief also draws on the work produced over several years by the Media Policy
and Democracy Project, a joint project of the Department of Communication
and Media at the University of Johannesburg and the Department of
Communication Science at the University of South Africa. It also draws on the
research published here: https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmae018.

Select target paragraph3