SECTOR 4 In many cases, curricula offered at journalism departments are not regarded as adequate for the profession: too much theory, not enough practice. There are now trials with internships where departments send some of their students to work in media houses before graduation. Universities and journalists’ associations offer short-term specialised workshops of up to three weeks and longer-term courses of up to three months. However, most media houses are reluctant to release journalists to attend such courses due to staff shortages. Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 2.5 4.10 Journalists and other media practitioners are organised in trade unions and/or professional associations. Media practitioners have formed quite a number of professional associations but there are no trade unions of journalists in Ethiopia yet. There is uncertainty whether the law allows the establishment of trade unions by journalists. Article 5 of the Freedom of the Mass Media and Access to Information Proclamation states that “journalists have a right to organise themselves into professional associations of their choice.” The law remains silent, however, on whether this right also extends to the formation of trade unions. Most panellists argued that the right to form a trade union applies to all workers and that journalists are no exception. They also pointed to the fact that there is no explicit legal restriction on journalists which denies them the right to form a trade union. 58 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER ETHIOPIA 2010