Figure 10: TV access by gender Figure 9: TV Access by Gender 7 A few times a month 10 9 A few times a week DK(DNR) 5 12 6 Everyday 27 6 Less than once a month Never 0 5 29 7 10 15 FEMALE 20 25 MALE 30 35 39 40 43 45 50 Survey data indicates that 56% access to television; these include It is within that process of men have overall access to current and former civil servants that other important news or Survey data indicatestothat 56% men havepolice overall accessnurses, to television comparedis to intermittently 51% of television compared 51% of of(teachers, officers, information women. and veterinary and access agricultural consumed in compared an unsystematic women. On the other hand, women have more daily to television at 29% to extension officers), employees of fashion. 27% of men. Also, a significant point to note is that a high proportion of both men and On the other hand, women have public enterprises, the diaspora women have no access to television, 39%business and 43%, respectively. more daily access to television at andatlocal people. 29% compared to 27% of men. 16 The diaspora A 2020 survey by MISA Zimbabwe noted how also poor influences reception, intermittent or non-existent POCKETS or enclaves Also, a significant point to note this rural elite as part of the power and low levels of disposable income conspire to ensure that television has an urban is that a high proportion of both remittance economy or “family of the privileged rural [18] Afrobarometer Dispatch No.367 of 16 June 2020, bias and regarding According to the . men womenaccess. have no access aid” to television, at 39% isand 43%, rare in rural areas: Only one in four ruralelite have (24%) access to “TV [set] ownership relatively households 17 Rural families immersed in respectively. However,these pockets have televisions [sets], compared these to two-thirds (68%) who have radios”. television; include economies can access orAenclaves of the privileged rural elite have access to television; these include current and 2020 survey by MISA television, solar batteries and current and former [16] noted how poor satellite Zimbabwe former civil servants (teachers, police sets. officers, nurses, and veterinary and agricultural reception, intermittent or non- of public enterprises, the diaspora and extension officers), employees local servants business people. civil (teachers, existent power and low levels Access to extra-territorial Thedisposable diaspora also influences rural elite as part the remittance economy or nurses, ‘family and of income conspirethisbroadcasting in of borderline police officers, 18 Rural families immersed in these economies can access television, solar batteries and aid’. to ensure that television has an communities also allows for the veterinary and agricultural urban bias regarding consumption of foreign media satellite sets. Accessaccess. to extra-territorial broadcasting in borderline communities also allows content. for the consumption of foreign media content. Artisanal mining extension communities also have officers), According to the Afrobarometer access toNo. television dominated by youngmining males. communities In addition, it was also noted that young Dispatch 367 of 16sets June 2020, Artisanal employees of public “TV [set] ownership is relatively also at have access to television males and youth access television local rural business sets centres mainly for sport and rare in rural areas: enterprises, the diaspora entertainment. It is Only withinonethatdominated process by thatyoung othermales. important news or information is in four rural households (24%) intermittently consumed in an unsystematic fashion. and local business people. have televisions [sets], compared In addition, it was also noted to two-thirds (68%) who have that young males and youth [17] . radios” access television at local rural 16 Chitapi T and Chirimambowa TC (2020) Access to media and media usage in rural Zimbabwe. MISA and business centres mainly for sport KAF. (unpublished) However, pockets or enclaves and entertainment. 17 ofhttps://media.africaportal.org/documents/ad367-crisis_communication_in_zimbabwe-afrobarometerthe privileged rural elite have 15june20.pdf 18 14 Bodomo, A. (2013). African diaspora remittances are better than foreign aid funds. World Economics, 14(4), ‘