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port the official line with abundant
advertising. The two paradigmatic
examples of these are that of Verdade Newspaper that is distributed
free of charge to citizens but hardly
receives advertising revenue from
the government, and Noticias, which
monopolises government advertising.
c) Frequently inviting journalists to
accompany senior government officials on trips to the interior and on
overseas missions.
d) Paying journalists’ travel costs, accommodation and food during
these trips. This also includes providing them with a per diem that is
sometimes more than their meagre
monthly salary (infoasaid, 2012). Because of this, very few reporters who
benefit from such largesse publish
critically report on their benefactors.
On the other hand, aid agencies also
frequently pay journalists to cover their
activities, a move that likewise tends to
guarantee favourable coverage. Moreover, prominent businessmen have been
known to bribe reporters in order to ensure that they appear in a good light.
Publications that publish unfavourable reports about powerful people may
face court charges of defamation or
worse.
Media freedom becomes more
tenuous the further north you go from
Maputo and the deeper you go into rural
areas. Away from the big cities, local officials frequently threaten and intimidate
reporters.



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According to the Constitution, Mozambique is a rule of law governed democracy, where Freedom of Expression
and Freedom of Press are constitutionally granted in Article 48, section 1 that
says “All citizens are entitled to freedom
of expression, press freedom and the
right to information.” These rights are
operationalised through Law 18/91, the
Press Law, which establishes the appropriate implementing mechanisms.
Mozambique has also adopted several regional and international instruments
on freedom of expression and press freedom, namely:
• The Universal Declaration of Human
Rights;
• The African Charter of Human and
Peoples Rights;
• The Declaration on Principles of
Freedom of Expression in Africa
(that led to the birth of the so-called
Windhoek Declaration);
• The SADC Protocol on Education,
Culture and Sports.
The legal instruments mentioned
above are domesticated by the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique
(CRM) through ordinary laws.
The legal scenario suggests that
there are formally minimal legislative
commandments that are conducive to
freedom of expression, pluralism and
diversity of media. The Constitution of
Mozambique provides for freedom of
expression as an essential foundation of

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