SECTOR 1 Freedom of expression, including freedom of the media, is effectively protected and promoted. 1.1 Freedom of expression, including freedom of the media, is guaranteed in the constitution and supported by other pieces of legislation. The Republic of Côte d’Ivoire has ratified the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights Charter of 1981. The Ivorian constitution, dating back to 23 July 2000 clearly guarantees freedom of expression under Article 9, which stipulates that “freedom of thought and expression, particularly the freedom of conscience, religious or philosophical opinion are guaranteed for all on condition that the law, the rights of others, national security and public order are observed” and article 10, which proclaims that “everyboy has the right to express and disseminate their ideas freely.” The State oversees the application of these articles and consequently provides its citizens the opportunity to have recourse to the law in case it is flouted. Furthermore, Law no. 2004-643, voted on in December 2004 and which applies to the print media’s legal system, indicates that “the publication of any newspaper or written periodical is allowed” and that “broadcast communication is allowed.” Scores: Individual scores: 1 Country does not meet indicator 2 Country meets only a few aspects of indicator 3 Country meets some aspects of indicator 4 Country meets most aspects of indicator 5 Country meets all aspects of the indicator Average score: 70 AFRICAN MEDIA BAROMETER COTE D’IVOIRE 2012 4.6 (2009: 4.9)