ZAMBIA Research Conclusions This research reveals the need for Zambia to enact legislation to enhance the right of citizens to access public information. According to the findings, 50% of public institutions were able to respond to the questions, while seven of the eight institutions had well-functioning websites containing very useful information. Even though this seems to be encouraging, none of the four institutions that provided the information responded in writing, and according to the grading of this research, information was denied. The desired levels of transparency and efficiency in government and public institutions in providing information to the public are yet to reach the desired levels although there is a great improvement in the website quality and information. A change of mindset amongst civil servants is another aspect that this research established, 50% of the institutions responded to a request for information via telephonic communication meaning the culture of secrecy is slowly fading away. The officers were helpful and friendly and provided contact information in cases where clarification was necessary. This trend of government officials to embrace a culture of openness should be further encouraged, but freedom of information can only beguaranteedwith the enactment of the ATI Bill. Further the increased use of websites and other ICT tools such as Facebook and Twitter by government institution shows efforts are being made to provide information, however, this is not enough, as less than half of the Zambian population has access to the internet. Thus, the need for government institutions to respond in writing is still required. The Most Open Public Institution in ZAMBIA Four organizations verbally responded to requests for information while none made an effort to respond in writing, neither by email nor post, even though the contact details were provided in the written requests. Of the four institutions, three responded within less than seven days. However, PACRA only responded after a follow-up call was made. Based on the improvements of the quality of information provided on the websites of these public institutions, the research concludes that the Zambia Public Procurement Authority is the Most Open Government Institutions in Zambia in2013, and the Ministry of Agriculture is this year’s runner- up. Recommendations It is highly recommended that government officials continuously prioritise the provision of information on request. Simultaneously, the ATI Bill needs to be enacted, providing Civil Servants with the confidence to provide information without fear. It was clear from the research that most government institutions do not expect a private citizen to request for information from them. This researcher was asked this question by almost all the institutions surveyed. Moreover there is a need for the right to information to be expressly provided for in the Zambian Constitution, which constitutes the supreme law of the country. THE Most Secretive Public Institution in ZAMIBIA Of the eight surveyed institutions, four did not respond to a written request for information. The ECZ despite having a very well updated website, failed to provide a response even after follow-up calls were made. Likewise, the ZRA did not respond to written requests for information, but also had a very well updated website, including job opportunities and budgets. While the CEEC did not respond to the written request, its website was well updated, outlining its mandate, funding opportunities and procurement procedures. The CEEC’s website has also significantly improved compared to last year, being more userfriendly. The Lusaka City Council‘s (LCC) website underwent a facelift, hence no information was accessible. The LCC did not send a response to the written information request either. Based on the above, the Lusaka City Council has been awarded the most Secretive Public Institution in Zambia for the year 2013. 107